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Maly Theatre (Moscow)
Maly Theatre (, literally ''Small Theatre'' as opposed to nearby Bolshoi, or ''Grand'', opera theater) is a drama theater in Moscow, Russia. Established in 1806〔Londre, Margot p. 307〕 and operating on its present site on the Theatre Square since 1824,〔 the theatre traces its history to the Moscow University drama company, established in 1756. In the 19th century, Maly was "universally recognized in Russia as the leading dramatic theatre of the century", and was the home stage for Mikhail Shchepkin and Maria Yermolova.〔 40 of Alexander Ostrovsky's 54 plays premiered at Maly,〔''Hochmann'' v. 4, p. 65 (article credit: Laurence Senelick), provides a complete list of plays and premiere venues and dates〕 and the theatre was known as ''The House of Ostrovsky''.〔Londre, Margot p. 306〕〔 The Maly Theatre in Moscow and Alexandrinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg "to a great extent determined the development of Russian theatre during the 19th and 20th century".〔Leach, Borovsky p. 84〕
Maly Theatre positions itself as a traditional drama theatre that produces classical heritage plays. The current (2009–2010 season) program of Maly includes plays by Russian authors from Denis Fonvizin to Mikhail Bulgakov, and a single play by Molière.〔 The second stage of Maly, located in Zamoskvorechye District, also performs plays by W. Somerset Maugham, Luigi Pirandello and Eugene Scribe.〔 Maly had a long tradition of producing William Shakespeare but, as of 2009, performs only one Shakespearian play, ''Love's Labour's Lost'' on its second stage.〔 〕
Maly Theatre employs a staff of over seven hundred, including over one hundred drama actors. It is the only drama theatre in Russia that has retained a symphony orchestra and a professional choir. The theatre also operates Shchepkin Theatre School, Moscow's oldest drama school, established in 1809 as the Imperial Theatre School.
==History==
The exact year of Maly's establishment is debated. In the 19th and 20th century, it was agreed that it was established in 1824, the year when the theatre moved into its Theatre Square building. The centennial of Maly was celebrated in 1924,〔 and the 175th anniversary in 1999. However, the official bicentennial was moved to 2006, based on the establishment of the Imperial Moscow Theatre in 1806.〔 Some of the shows produced by the Imperial Moscow Theatre premiered as early as 1804, and its company continued the tradition of Michael Maddox's company, which was established in 1780.〔 The theatre web site, as of August 2009, marks the season of 2009–2010 as its "254th season", referring to the ''Free Theatre'', a Moscow University company established in 1756.〔See top left of (www.maly.ru ) site〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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